A novel process control model for basic oxygen furnace bof steelmaking is proposed based on metallurgy mechanism, with lower contents of carbon. The gas cleaning process and is recycled as feed for the sinter plant. The oxygen steel making process is one of the most common and efficient steel production methods. Pure oxygen is then blasted into the furnace at supersonic speeds via an oxygen lance that is lowered from the top. The presentations describes bof steelmaking process, factors affecting lining life and bof gas collection and cleaning. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. Steel is made by the bessemer, siemens open hearth, basic oxygen furnace, electric arc, electric highfrequency and crucible processes.
Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bof, linzdonawitzverfahren, ldconverter is a method of steelmaking in which carbonrich molten iron is made into steel. The oxygen steelmaking process is one of the most common and efficient steel production methods. The oxygen does not make it hotter by burning off the impurities, it is caused by an exothermic reaction between the carbon and the oxygen when it forms carbon dioxide. Lime is the fluxing agent and the heat is provided by the use of oxygen and the. The process is an improvement over the historically important bessemer process. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag.
How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is converted into steel. Originally most steel was produced by the bessemer and open hearth processes but these have been replaced by the more modern basic oxygen steelmaking bos and electric arc furnace eaf processes. The ldconverter is named after the austria n placenames linz and donawitz a district of leoben by blowing oxygen through molten pig. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process. The bos process uses pure oxygen, injected by a lance, for refining the relatively impure hot metal and scrap is used for temperature control. Basic oxygen furnace bof the basic oxygen furnace process uses 25 to 35 percent old steel to make new steel. Oxygen is injected into the eaf to speed up the melting process. Environmental protection agency research triangle park, north carolina 27711 september 2012. A basic oxygen furnace is a reactor in which oxygen is blown through molten pig iron that is heated to approximately 1,600.
Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Bos is the most common and dominant primary steelmaking process used in the world today. Available and emerging technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the iron and steel industry prepared by the sector policies and programs division office of air quality planning and standards u. Steel making technologies and processes for iron feedstock bof basic oxygen furnace bf blast furnace sr smelting reduction eaf electric arc furnace scrap steel dri direct reduced iron 3 the use of hydrogen in the iron and steel industry. It is especially useful for calculating the amount of oxygen andor coolant that must be added to the basic oxygen furnace during a reblow in order to obtain a predetermined carbon and temperature level in the bath prior to. Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. This process is also called as basic oxygen process. The basic raw materials needed for making steel in the bof converter include i hot metal from the blast furnace, ii steel scrap andor. Today, over 75% of the worlds stainless steel is made using the argon oxygen decarburization aod process invented by praxair.
Innovative uses of hydrogen in steelmaking presentation by jayson ripke, midrex technologies, inc. A brief discussion of the process is included in the following paragraphs. The ldconverter is named after the austrian placenames linz and donawitz a district of leoben. Aod provides an economical way to produce stainless steel with a minimal loss of precious elements. Modern steelmaking abhay deo 12met012 metallurgy,giet gunupur 2. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Steel cost modelling notes the steel costing model the economic model shown above is prepared only to shown how liquid steel cost can be calculated through a simple cost benchmarking type approach. Related reactions and technics are also introduced. The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. It is also known as the linzdonawitz steelmaking process or the oxygen conversion process. Basic oxygen process the oxygen process method of making steel was a sharp departure from the relatively slow cooking of the old way. This course handles the steel making process which is converting the hot metal formed in the ironmaking process into steel.
As the basic oxygen furnace shell is exposed to severe hightemperature conditions during use, its material experiences gradual degradation leading to thermal deformation and cracking that. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. Oxygen has a number of common uses in the industry, depending on the furnace under consideration. In both the acid bessemer and basic bessemer or thomas processes molten pig iron is refined by blowing air through it in an eggshaped vessel, known as a converter, of 1525 tonnes capacity. Chemical content identification factors and composition standards p. Steel furnace slag is produced in a bof basic oxygen furnace or an eaf electric arc furnace. The port kembla steelworks uses three furnaces that are charged with steel. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. The process is known as basic due to the chemical nature of the refractoriescalcium oxide and magnesium oxidethat line the vessel to withstand the.
Ld converter is a welded construction of nonageing steel plates 8mm, the height of the vessel varies from 710m. Cost effectiveness analysis of hyl and drex dri te chnologies for the iron and steelking industry pa ge 7 steel making process and co 2222 emissionsemissionsemissions steel is primarily made by one of two processes. Bos basic oxygen furnace and the more modern eaf electric arc furnace methods. Content introduction types of steel classification of carbon steel process of steelmaking basic oxygen furnace dri based steel making bessemer process open hearth furnace production of steel modern steelmaking process. Ld process is a refining process which is carried out in a ld vesselor ld converterbof. Hot metal pretreatment to decrease some of the impurities, and basic oxygen furnace bof process to reach the required composition will be treated in detail. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a primary steelmaking method in which the highcarbon molten pig iron is converted to steel. The electric arc furnace uses primarily electrical energy to supply heat to melt scrap steel, sponge. Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag the basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, basic oxygen converter is the most powerful and effective steel making method. Basic oxygen furnace route steelmaking costs 2020 conversion costs for bof steelmaking. Since carbon is not wetted by silicate liquids carbonbonded refractories are used extensively in iron and steel making furnaces.
Chemistry of steelmaking by basic oxygen furnace ispatguru. The predicted total costing shown is not meant to represent an. Trp technologies and results are in widespread use in the steel. For example, mgoc is used in basic oxygen steelmaking bos vessels and al 2 o 3 c in the hollow ware for continuous casting of. If the oxygen available for this reaction is not removed deoxidized prior to casting, the gaseous products continue to evolve during. This process uses as its principal raw material molten pig iron from a blast furnace. Killed steel carbon and oxygen react in the steelmaking process to form a gas. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at. Presentation will help to provide basic principle and brief overview of iron making to steel making process. Pdf thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal. Oxygen has many important uses within the steel industry, each of them involves the heating and melting of metals. At high temperatures, oxygen is blown through the metal, which reduces the carbon content to between 01. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic heatreleasing reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and.
Oxidation is carried out with high purity oxygen gas which is blown in the bof. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel. Hot iron bof andor scrap metal eaf are the primary metals to make steel in each process. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic velocity. Low wages overseas and the use of the basic oxygen process made foreign steel cheaper than american steel by the 1950s, just as the steel industry took a hit from a cheaper alloy for home goods. Heat treatment quenching, hardening, and other thermal modifications p. Basic oxygen furnace an overview sciencedirect topics.
Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a method of creating steel that utilizes the blowing of pure oxygen to convert liquid iron and scrap into steel basic oxygen steelmaking. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. History of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal. The bos method adds recycled scrap steel to the molten iron in a converter. Background of the invention this invention relates to a calculator device for use in the refining of steel by the basic oxygen process. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. Basic oxygen furnace steel 160 ton from the vessel bof into the casting ladle. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or.
Oxygen is a popular gas used in steelmaking, in part due to the continued use of the basic oxygen furnace. Along with the liquid iron that was produced in the blast furnace, recycled scrap steel is also added to the oxygen furnace. Fig 1 materials needed for the production of steel in basic oxygen furnace. Basic oxygen steel making process bluescope steel the blast furnace produces gases are captured and cleaned for use elsewhere in the port kembla steelworks in heating processes, or to generate energy. The results contained in this report, compares carbon deoxidation with the original 60 kg aluminium primary deoxidation practice. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. Bof, bos, bottom blowing, combined blowing, converter, heat, ld converter, ld gas, sppreesed combustion, steelmaking, top blowing. Materials needed for steel production in basic oxygen furnace.